From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This page lists notable software that can be classified as a compiler , a compiler generator, an interpreter , translator, a tool foundation, an assembler , an automatable command line interface (shell ), or similar.
cf. ALGOL 68s specification and implementation timeline
Name
Year
Purpose
State
Description
Target CPU
Licensing
Implementation Language
ALGOL 68-R R 1970
Military
UK
ICL 1900 ALGOL 60
ALGOL 68RS RS 1972
Military
UK
Portable compiler system
ICL 2900/Series 39, Multics, VMS & C generator (1993)
Crown Copyright ALGOL 68RS
ALGOL 68C C 1975
Scientific
UK
Cambridge ALGOL 68
ICL , IBM 360, PDP 10 & Unix, Telefunken , Tesla & Z80 (1980)[ 2] Cambridge
ALGOL 68C
Odra ALGOL 68[citation needed 1976
practical uses
USSR/Poland
Odra 1204/IL
Soviet ALGOL 60
FLACC F
1977
Multi-purpose
CA
Revised Report complete implementation with debug features
System/370
lease, Chion Corporation
Assembler
Interactive ALGOL 68 I 1983
UK
Incremental compilation PC
Noncommercial shareware
ALGOL 68S S 1985
Scientific
Intl
Sun version of ALGOL 68
Sun-3 , Sun SPARC (under SunOS 4.1 & Solaris 2), Atari ST (under GEMDOS ), Acorn Archimedes (under RISC OS ), VAX-11 under Ultrix-32
Algol68toC[ 3] [better source needed (ctrans)
1985
Electronics
UK
ctrans from ELLA ALGOL 68RS
Portable C generator
Open sourced & Public Domained (1995)ALGOL 68RS
GCC (ga68)2025
Full Language
ES
GCC Front-End
Portable compiler
GPL C
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ]
Compiler
Author
Working state
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
Standard conformance
Minimal BASIC
Full BASIC
AppGameKit The Game Creators
Current
Yes
Yes
No
Proprietary ?
?
BBC BASIC for SDL 2.0 Richard T. Russell Current
Yes
Yes (Linux , macOS , Android )
Yes (Raspberry Pi OS )
zlib License No
No
BlitzMax Blitz Research
Discontinued
Yes
Yes (Linux , macOS )
No
zlib License No
No
DarkBASIC The Game Creators
Inactive
Yes
No
No
MIT License No
No
ECMA-55 Minimal BASIC compiler[ 5]
John Gatewood Ham
Current
No
Linux No
GPLv2 Yes
No
FreeBASIC FreeBASIC Development Team
Current
Yes
Yes
MS-DOS , FreeBSD , Linux GPLv2+ Partial[ 6] [unreliable source?
No
FutureBASIC Brilor Software
Current
No
macOS Classic Mac OS Proprietary Partial
No
Gambas Benoît Minisini Current
No
Yes
No
GPLv2+ No
No
GFA BASIC Frank Ostrowski Abandoned
Yes
No
Amiga , Atari ST , MS-DOS Proprietary No
No
Mercury RemObjects Current
Yes
Yes (Linux , macOS , Android , iOS )
Yes (WebAssembly )
Proprietary No
No
PowerBASIC (formerly Turbo Basic)PowerBASIC, Inc.
Inactive
Yes
No
DOS
Proprietary ?
?
PureBasic Fantaisie Software
Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
Proprietary No
No
QB64 Galleon Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
LGPLv2.1 Partial
No
QuickBASIC Microsoft Discontinued
No
No
MS-DOS
Proprietary Partial
No
True BASIC True BASIC
Current
Yes
No
No
Proprietary Yes
Partial[ 7]
VSI BASIC for OpenVMS VMS Software, Inc.
Current
No
No
OpenVMS
Proprietary No
No
Xojo (formerly REALbasic)Xojo Inc. (formerly Real Software)
Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
Proprietary No
No
Interpreter
Author
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
BASIC-PLUS
Digital Equipment Corporation
No
No
RSTS/E
Proprietary
BBC BASIC for SDL 2.0 Richard T. Russell Yes
Yes (Linux , macOS , Android , iOS )
Raspberry Pi OS , Web browser zlib License
Liberty BASIC Shoptalk Systems
Yes
No
No
Proprietary
GW-BASIC Microsoft No
No
MS-DOS Proprietary
QBasic Microsoft No
No
MS-DOS Proprietary
Chipmunk Basic Ronald H. Nicholson Jr.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Freeware
TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) Texas Instruments No
No
TI-99/4A Proprietary
TI Extended BASIC Texas Instruments No
No
TI-99/4A Proprietary
Rocky Mountain BASIC [Trans Era]
Yes
No
HP 9000 Proprietary
Yabasic Marc-Oliver Ihm
Yes
Yes
Haiku MIT License
SmallBASIC SmallBASIC
Yes
Yes
Android , macOS GPLv3+
SuperBASIC Jan Jones No
No
Sinclair QL Proprietary
Level I BASIC Steve Leininger
No
No
TRS-80 ROMProprietary
Level II BASIC Microsoft No
No
TRSDOS , NewDos/80 , MultiDOS, DosPlus, LDOSProprietary
Level III BASIC Microsoft No
No
TRSDOS , NewDos/80 , MultiDOS, DosPlus, LDOSProprietary
VAX BASIC
Digital Equipment Corporation
No
No
VAX/VMS
Proprietary
Compiler
Author
Operating system [ i] Bare machine
License type
Standard conformance
Microsoft Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
C89
C99
C11
C17
8cc [ 8] Rui Ueyama
Yes
Yes
?
?
MIT Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Acorn C/C++ Acorn and Codemist No
No
RISC OS ?
Proprietary Yes
Yes
No
Yes
AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler (AOCC)AMD No
Yes
No
?
Proprietary Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Aztec C Manx Software Systems
No
No
CP/M , CP/M-86 , DOS , Classic Mac OS ?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Amsterdam Compiler Kit Andrew Tanenbaum and Ceriel Jacobs No
Yes
Yes
?
BSD ?
?
?
?
BDS C BD Software
No
No
CP/M ?
Public domain ?
?
?
?
bcc (Bruce's C Compiler)[ 9]
Bruce Evans
No
Yes
No
?
GNU License
?
?
?
?
C++Builder Embarcadero Yes
Yes (iOS, Android)
No
?
Proprietary Yes
Yes
Partial
?
cc65 No
Yes
No
Yes
Zlib License No
No
No
No
Ch SoftIntegration, Inc
Yes
macOS , FreeBSD , Linux , Solaris , HP-UX , AIX , QNX Yes
?
Freeware Yes
Yes
No
?
Clang LLVM ProjectYes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Apache (LLVM Exception) Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
CompCert INRIA Yes
Yes
No
?
Freeware (source code available for non-commercial use) or GPL Yes
Partial
No
?
cproc [ 10] [ 11] Michael Forney
Yes
Yes
No
?
ISC Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Digital Mars Digital Mars
Yes
No
No
?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Digital Research C [ 12] [better source needed Digital Research ?
?
CP/M, DOS
?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Edison Design Group Edison Design Group Yes
Yes
Yes
?
Proprietary Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GCC (gcc)GNU Project MinGW , Cygwin , WSL Yes
IBM mainframe, AmigaOS , VMS , RTEMS , DOS [ 13]
Yes
GPL Yes
Partial[ ii]
Partial[ ii]
Partial[ ii]
Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler Intel Yes
Linux No
?
Freeware (optional priority support)Yes
Yes
Yes[ 14]
Yes
Intel C++ Compiler ClassicIntel Yes
Linux , macOS No
?
Freeware (optional priority support)Yes
Partial[ 15]
Partial[ 15]
?
Interactive C KISS Institute for Practical Robotics
Yes
Unix , macOS , Linux , IRIX , Solaris , SunOS No
?
Freeware Partial
No
No
?
Lattice C Lifeboat Associates No
Yes
DOS , OS/2 , Commodore , Amiga , Atari ST , Sinclair QL ?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
lcc Chris Fraser and David Hanson Yes
Yes
Yes
?
Freeware (source code available for non-commercial use)Yes
No
No
?
MCP Unisys No
No
MCP ?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
MPW CApple No
No
Classic Mac OS ?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Open64 AMD , SGI , Google , HP , Intel , Nvidia , PathScale , Tsinghua University and othersNo
Yes
Yes
?
GPL ?
?
?
?
PGCC
The Portland Group Yes
Yes
Unknown
?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Portable C Compiler Stephen C. Johnson , Anders Magnusson and othersYes
Yes
Yes
?
BSD Yes
Partial
No
?
QuickC Microsoft Yes
No
No
?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Alan Snyder's Portable C Compiler
Alan Snyder and current Maintainer larsbrinkhoff |Snyder-C-compiler No
Yes
No
?
MIT License ?
?
?
?
SEGGER Compiler[ 16]
Segger Microcontroller Yes
Yes
Yes
?
Proprietary Yes
Yes
Partial
Partial
Small-C Ron Caine , James E. Hendrix , Byte Yes
Yes
CP/M , DOS ?
Public domain Partial
No
No
?
Small Device C Compiler Sandeep Dutta and othersYes
Yes
Unknown
Yes
GPL ?
?
?
?
THINK C , Lightspeed CTHINK Technologies
No
No
Classic Mac OS ?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Tiny C Compiler Fabrice Bellard Yes
Yes
No
?
LGPL Yes
Partial
Partial
?
(Borland ) Turbo C
Embarcadero Yes
No
Yes
?
Proprietary - V 2.01 freely available?
?
?
?
VBCC Volker Barthelmann Yes
Yes
Yes
?
Freeware (source code available, modification not allowed)Yes
Partial
No
?
Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Yes
No
No
?
Proprietary (Freeware )Yes
Partial[ 17]
Yes[ 17]
Yes[ 17]
Oracle C compiler Oracle No
Solaris , Linux No
?
Proprietary (Freeware )Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Watcom C/C++ ,Watcom Yes
experimental
DOS , OS/2 ?
Sybase Open Watcom Public License Yes
Partial
No
?
Wind River (Diab) Compiler Wind River Systems Yes
Yes
Yes
?
Proprietary ?
?
?
?
Whitesmiths C compiler Whitesmiths Ltd No
Yes
No
?
proprietary (source code available for non-commercial use)
No
?
No
?
XL C , XL C/C++ IBM No
AIX , Linux z/OS , z/VM ?
Proprietary Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Notes:
Compiler
Author
Operating system [ i] License type
IDE
Standard conformance
Windows
Unix-like
Other
C++11
C++14
C++17
C++20
C++23
AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler (AOCC)AMD No
Yes
No
Proprietary (Freeware )No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Partial
Partial
C++Builder (classic Borland, bcc*)Embarcadero (CodeGear )
Yes (bcc32)
macOS (bccosx)[ 21] No
Proprietary (Free Community Edition)[ 22] Yes
Yes[ 23] [ 24]
No
No
?
?
C++Builder (modern, bcc*c)Embarcadero (LLVM )[ 25] Yes (bcc32c,bcc64,
⟨iOS ⟩ (bccios*), ⟨Android ⟩ (bcca*)[ 21]
No
Proprietary (Freeware - 32bit CLI,[ 26] [ 22] Yes
Yes[ ii] [ 23] [ 24]
Yes[ 27]
Yes[ 28]
?
?
Turbo C++ (tcc)Borland (CodeGear )Yes
No
DOS Proprietary Freeware
Yes
No
No
No
?
?
CINT CERN Yes
Yes
BeBox , DOS , etc.X11/MIT Yes
No
No
No
?
?
Cfront Bjarne Stroustrup No
Yes
No
?
No
No
No
No
?
?
Clang (clang++)LLVM Project Yes
Yes
Yes
UoI/NCSA Xcode , QtCreator (optional)
Yes[ ii] [ 29] [ 30] [ 24]
Yes
Yes
Partial
Partial
Comeau C/C++ Comeau Computing Yes
Yes
Yes
Proprietary No
No[ iii]
No
No
?
?
GCC (g++)
GNU Project
MinGW , MSYS2 ,Cygwin , Windows Subsystem
Yes
Yes
GPLv3
QtCreator , Kdevelop , Eclipse ,NetBeans , Code::Blocks , Dev-C++ , Geany
Yes[ iv] [ 32] [ 33] [ 24]
Yes
Yes
Partial
Partial
HP aC++ (aCC)Hewlett-Packard No
HP-UX No
Proprietary No
Partial[ 34] [ 24]
No
No
?
?
Intel C++ Compiler (icc)Intel Yes
Linux , macOS , FreeBSD ; ⟨Android (x86-64 )⟩No
Proprietary (Freeware )[ 35] Visual Studio , Eclipse , Xcode
Yes[ iii] [ 36] [ 24]
Yes[ 37]
Yes[ 38]
Partial
Partial
Open64 (openCC)HP , AMD , Tsinghua University and othersNo
Yes
No
Modified GPLv2 No
No[ iv] [ v] [ 39]
No
No
?
?
Arm Compiler (armcc)
Keil ⟨Arm ⟩Yes
Yes
⟨Yes⟩
Proprietary μVision, DS-5
Yes[ iii] [ 40] [ 41]
No
No
?
?
Tandem C++[ 42]
Tandem Computers
No
Yes
NonStop Kernel, NonStop OS
Proprietary
Eclipse
?
No
No
?
TenDRA (tcc)TenDRA Project No
Yes
No
BSD
No
No[ 43]
No
No
?
?
Visual C++ (cl)Microsoft Yes
Linux , macOS ; ⟨Android ⟩, ⟨iOS ⟩DOS Proprietary (Free for Individuals and Enterprise under $1M Profit Cap)[ 44] Visual Studio , QtCreator Yes[ 45] [ 46] [ 24]
Yes
Yes[ 47]
Yes[ 48]
Partial
XL C/C++ (xlc++)IBM No
Linux (Power ), AIX z/OS , z/VM Proprietary Eclipse Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Yes[ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Experimental for AIX[ 19]
No
Diab Compiler (dcc)Wind River ⟨TPG Capital ⟩Yes
Linux , Solaris ⟨VxWorks ⟩
Proprietary Wind River Workbench No[ iii] [ 49]
No
No
?
?
Notes:
Compiler
Author
Operating system
License type
IDE ?
Standard conformance
Windows
Unix-like
Other
COBOL-85
COBOL 2002
IBM COBOL IBM Yes
AIX , Linux z/OS , z/VM , z/VSE , IBM i Proprietary IBM Developer for z/OS
Yes
Partial
GnuCOBOL (formerly OpenCOBOL)Keisuke Nishida, Roger While, Simon Sobisch
Yes
Yes
Yes
GPL OpenCobolIDE , GIX, HackEdit Yes
Partial
GCC (gcobol)[ 53] COBOLworx (Symas)
Yes
Yes
Yes
GPL No
Yes[ 54]
Planned[ 54]
Otterkit [ 55] [ 56] Gabriel Gonçalves
Yes
Yes
Yes (Common Language Infrastructure )
Apache 2.0 Yes
Partial
Release candidate
MCP COBOL Unisys No
No
MCP Proprietary CANDE Yes[ 57]
No
OS 2200 COBOL Unisys No
No
OS 2200 Proprietary ?
Yes[ 58]
No
Tandem COBOL[ 59] [ 60]
Tandem Computers
No
No
Guardian, NonStop Kernel, NonStop OS
Proprietary
Eclipse, Micro Focus COBOL Workbench[ 61]
?
?
Common Lisp compilers [ edit ] [ edit ] ECMAScript interpreters [ edit ]
Compiler
Author
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
IDE ?
EiffelStudio Eiffel Software / Community developed (SourceForge)
Yes
Yes
Yes
GPL Yes
LibertyEiffel (fork of SmartEiffel)D. Colnet and community
?
Yes
?
GPLv2 ?
SmartEiffel D. Colnet
?
Yes
?
GPLv2 ?
Forth compilers and interpreters [ edit ]
Compiler
Author
Working state
Operating system
License type
IDE ?
Windows
Unix-like
Other
Acorn Fortran 77 Acorn and Codemist Current
No
No
RISC OS Proprietary No
AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler (AOCC)AMD Current
No
Yes
No
Freeware No
Oracle Fortran Oracle Discontinued
No
Linux , Solaris No
Freeware Oracle Developer Studio
Absoft Pro Fortran Absoft
Discontinued
Yes
Linux , macOS Yes
Proprietary Yes
G95 Andy Vaught
Inactive
Yes
Yes
Yes
GPL No
GCC (GNU Fortran )GNU Project Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
GPLv3 Photran (part of Eclipse), Simply Fortran , Lahey Fortran
Intel Fortran Compiler Classic (ifort)Intel Current
Yes
Linux and macOS No
Freeware , optional priority supportYes (plugins), Visual Studio on Windows, Eclipse on Linux, XCode on Mac
Open64 Google , HP , Intel , Nvidia , PathScale , Tsinghua University and othersFinished
No
Yes
Yes
GPL
No
Classic Flang LLVM ProjectCurrent
Yes
Yes
Yes
NCSA Yes
LLVM Flang LLVM ProjectCurrent
Yes
Yes
Yes
NCSA Yes
LFortran The LFortran team
Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
BSD Yes
FTN95 Silverfrost
Current
Yes
No
No
Proprietary Yes
NAG Fortran Compiler Numerical Algorithms Group Current
Yes
Linux and macOS No
Proprietary Yes
Tandem Fortran[ 60]
Tandem Computers
Discontinued
No
?
Guardian, NonStop Kernel, NonStop OS
Proprietary
No
XL Fortran IBM Current
No
Linux (Power and AIX No
Proprietary Eclipse
MCP Unisys Discontinued
No
No
MCP Proprietary CANDE
Open Watcom Sybase and Open Watcom ContributorsCurrent
Yes
Yes
DOS , OS/2 Sybase Open Watcom Public License
on Windows , OS/2
Cray Cray Current
Yes
Yes
Yes
Proprietary Yes
Compiler
Author
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
Actively maintained?
GHC GHC Yes
Yes
No
Open source
Yes
YHC YHC Yes
Yes
No
Open source
No
ISLISP compilers and interpreters [ edit ]
Name
Author
Working state
Target
Written in
Operating system
License type
Standard conformance
Windows
Unix-like
Other
Easy-ISLisp[ 74]
Kenichi Sasagawa
Current
C , bytecode
C , Lisp
No
Linux , macOS , OpenBSD
No
BSD 2-Clause
Yes
OpenLisp
Eligis
Current
C , bytecode
C , Lisp
Yes
macOS , Linux , BSD , AIX , Solaris , QNX
?
Proprietary
Yes
Compiler
Author
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
IDE ?
Amsterdam Compiler Kit Andrew Tanenbaum Ceriel Jacobs No
Yes
Yes
BSD
No
Delphi Embarcadero (CodeGear )Yes
Yes (Linux , Mac OS )
Yes (iOS , Android )
Proprietary Yes
Oxygene (formerly Delphi Prism)RemObjects Yes
Yes (Linux , macOS , Android , IOS )
Yes (WebAssembly )
Proprietary Yes
Free Pascal Florian Paul Klämpfl
Yes
Yes
Yes (OS/2 , FreeBSD , Solaris , Haiku , Android , DOS , etc.[ note 1]
GPL
FPIDE, Lazarus , Geany (on Ubuntu )
GCC (GNU Pascal )GNU Project Yes
Yes
Yes
GPL
No
Kylix Borland CodeGear )No
Yes (Linux )
No
Proprietary Yes
Turbo Pascal for Windows Borland CodeGear )Yes (3.x)
No
No
Proprietary Yes
Microsoft Pascal Microsoft No
No
Yes (DOS )
Proprietary Yes
Tandem Pascal[ 60]
Tandem Computers
No
?
Guardian, NonStop Kernel
Proprietary
?
VSI Pascal VMS Software Inc No
No
Yes (OpenVMS )
Proprietary Yes
Turbo Pascal CodeGear Borland )No
No
Yes
Freeware
Yes
Vector Pascal Glasgow University Yes
Yes
No
OpenSource
No
Virtual Pascal Vitaly Miryanov
Yes
Yes
Yes (OS/2 )
Freeware
Yes
MCP Unisys No
No
MCP Proprietary CANDE
Scheme compilers and interpreters [ edit ]
Compiler
Author
Target
Windows
Unix-like
Other OSs
License type
IDE ?
Bigloo Manuel Serrano
native, bytecode
Yes
Yes
?
GPL (compiler) and LGPL (runtime)No
Chez Scheme R. Kent Dybvig native
Yes
Yes
No
Apache 2.0No
Chicken The Chicken Team
C
Yes
Yes
?
BSD No
Gambit Marc Feeley
C
Yes
Yes
?
LGPL No
GNU Guile GNU Project bytecode
Yes
Yes
?
LGPL No
Ikarus Abdulaziz Ghuloum
native
Yes
Yes
?
GPL No
IronScheme Llewellyn Pritchard
CLI
Yes
Yes
Yes (Common Language Infrastructure )
Ms-PL No
JScheme Ken Anderson, Tim Hickey, Peter Norvig
bytecode
Yes
Yes
Yes (JVM )
zlib License No
Kawa Per Bothner
bytecode
Yes
Yes
Yes (JVM )
MIT No
MIT/GNU Scheme GNU Project native
Yes
Yes
?
GPL No
Racket PLT Inc.
bytecode + JIT
Yes
Yes
macOS , Microsoft Windows LGPL DrRacket
Scheme 48 Richard Kelsey, Jonathan Rees
C, bytecode
Yes
Yes
?
BSD No
SCM Aubrey Jaffer C
Yes
Yes
AmigaOS , Atari ST , Classic Mac OS , DOS , OS/2 , NOS/VE , OpenVMS LGPL No
SISC Scott G. Miller, Matthias Radestock
bytecode
Yes
Yes
Yes (JVM )
GPL and MPL No
Stalin Jeffrey Mark Siskind
C
?
Yes
?
LGPL No
STklos Erick Gallesio
bytecode
?
Yes
?
GPL No
Smalltalk compilers [ edit ] Command language interpreters [ edit ] Source-to-source compilers [ edit ] This list is incomplete. A more extensive list of source-to-source compilers can be found here .
[ edit ] Production quality, free/libre and open source compilers.
Amsterdam Compiler Kit (ACK) [C, Pascal, Modula-2, Occam, and BASIC] [Unix-like]Clang C/C++/Objective-C Compiler AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler FreeBASIC [Basic] [DOS/Linux/Windows]Free Pascal [Pascal] [DOS/Linux/Windows(32/64/CE)/MacOS/NDS/GBA/..(and many more)]GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): C (gcc), C++ (g++), Objective-C , Objective-C++ , Fortran (gfortran Ada (GNAT ), Go (gccgo), D (gdc, since 9.1), Modula-2 (gm2, since 13.1), COBOL (gcobol, since 15.1) and Rust (gccrs, since 15.1) also available, but not in standard are: Java (gcj ga68), Pascal (gpc [ 78] Local C compiler [C] [Linux, Windows]The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure which is also frequently used for researchPortable C Compiler [C] [Unix-like]Open Watcom [C, C++, and Fortran] [Windows and OS/2, Linux/FreeBSD WIP]TenDRA [C/C++] [Unix-like]Tiny C Compiler [C] [Linux, Windows]Open64 , supported by AMD on Linux.XPL PL/I dialect (several systems)Swift [Apple OSes, Linux, Windows (as of version 5.3)]Research compilers are mostly not robust or complete enough to handle real, large applications. They are used mostly for fast prototyping new language features and new optimizations in research areas.
^ Vnuk, Richard (August 1987). Marielle-Trehouart, Ellen (ed.). "Ada: Tandem's Newest Compiler and Programming Environment" (PDF) . Tandem Systems Review . 3 (2): 23– 28. ^ "Liverpool Software Gazette - Third Edition" (PDF) . March 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2010-03-20 .^ Open source ALGOL 68 implementations – Browse Files at . Sourceforge.net. Retrieved on 2013-07-21.^ JWasm - Masm-compatible assembler on github.com as of 2018-08-19.^ Ham, John Gatewood (2014). "An ECMA-55 Minimal BASIC Compiler for x86-64 Linux®" . Computers . 3 (3): 69– 116. doi :10.3390/computers3030069 S2CID 40383760 . ^ angros47 (29 July 2013). "ANSI Basic: is FreeBasic standard-compliant?" . FreeBasic . Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. ^ Bantchev, Boyko (2008). "The True 'True BASIC' . Institute of Mathematics and Informatics . Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. ^ "8cc: A Small C11 Compiler" .^ "BCC(1): Bruce's C compiler - Linux man page" .^ "QBE - Compiler Backend" .^ "Let's get hands-on with QBE" .^ WinWorld: Digital Research C 1.x .^
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